Vol. 2, No. 3, 2016

The article demonstrates that in the period between 2014, and 2016, the amount of grant investment in citizen science has decreased from 437.3 billion Rubles to 285.8 billion Rubles. Considering the level of domestic import dependency and the fall of the Russian currency, there has been nearly a doubling in the decrease in the actual financing of science in the past three years. The execution of the Russian President’s Order dated 7th May, 2012, № 597 suggests bringing the salary of scientists to 200% from the average salary in the region by 2018. However, already by 2014, the level of salaries in academic organizations of the Federal Agency of scientific
organizations was only at 75% from the current expenses. Analysed are the key issues with distributing the state budget in the sector of generating scientific knowledge and the possible solutions to increase its efficiency. There are reviewed measures, suggested between 2014–2016, for optimizing the budget planning in the sphere of science. A conclusion is made about the complete discrepancy of suggested approaches to solving the identified problems.

The article discusses a thesis of a project «Strategies for sci entific-technological development of Russian Federation up until 2035» according to which the low efficiency of the Russian scientific sector, technologies and innovations systems is explained by the fact that scientist s do not transform the results of their research into registered patents. There is considered a case study where one of the Russian scientific establishments, in the past 15 years, was able to create more than 200 protectable pie ces of intellectual property, protected primarily by the patents of developed countries. A conclusion is drawn th at the key factor in scientific knowledge sector’s efficiency, in case «efficiency» is judged by the number of received patents, is the commitment of private industrial companies to the protection of created technical solutions, whi ch form a basis for producing high-tech products and services.

An analysis was conducted of a model for accelerating the life cycle of research and development, as well as temporary parameters for transforming fundamental industrial perspective using an example of reprogramming technologies for obtaining induced pluripotent stem cells. It is shown that the key role in accelerating the industrial life cycle is played by the fast growing medium high technological companies and large industrial companies, interested in diversification of their business strategies. There has been recorded a significant deceleration in the development of the life cycle in this area in Russia, and its causes have been identified.

The article analyses business processes and actions models, based on the utilization of new sciencedriven technologies used for the production of products and services that are implemented by large international industrial conglomerates within the framework of realizing the diversification strategies. As a research sample, we have chosen models of managing technological innovations, which formed the basis of the diversification strategy of Fujifilm Holdings Corporation in 2000–2015. The article notes that the company expedited the widening of new technological areas for development since the beginning of the 2000’s. High technology products manufactured using new technologies are no longer launched by the company every 7–10 years as in 20th century but instead, much more rapidly, every 3–4 years. There is noted a significant change in the company’s approach to reducing the life span of innovations. Today, Fujifilm prefers to enter new markets by purchasing innovations already used by medium sized fast growing high tech companies, and not form new research departments in their holding company. Attention is drawn to the fact that more often Fujifilm uses the strategy of unrelated diversification, by demonstrating whereby the readiness to widen the scope of its activities in any sphere with the good return on investments perspectives. The article emphasizes the significant importance of Russian industrial companies to be able to purchase innovative solutions and partner with providers of science-driven technologies and products, including small and medium-sized enterprises.

The article analyses the reasons that prevent a competitive export-oriented Russian domestic development of the robot surgical complex from being industrially prototyped and serially released for the domestic and global market. The development is completed within the framework of a «priority project» which was also highlighted as of significant importance in the Forecast analysis of the scientific-technological development of Russia for the period of up until 2030 and in the road maps of the National technological initiative and other strategic documents. The project was financed by nearly all development funds and institutes in Russia. A conclusion is drawn that the key reason behind the significant increase in a life span of a high-tech market product is the absence of a target setting and a programme of coordinated actions from committed ministries and governmental agencies, as well as the lack of a large high tech company in Russia, capable of producing in industrial volumes the export-oriented products and ensure their global sales.

The article demonstrates that alongside the process of trans-nationalizing the scientific driven and hightech production there is a trend arising in trans-nationalising scientific-technological sphere and global venture capital. There is evaluated the scale of the diffusion of Russian venture capital and its investment preferences. Using the examples of projects, related to the development of the new generation of antitumor drugs, there are analysed models for reducing the life cycle of domestic scientific developments in the format of using the benefits of various national innovation ecosystems and practices. A conclusion is made about the relevancy of reproduction of the life cycle of a high-tech product in the global scope of resources, markets and investments.

The article presents the results of a survey completed by the executors of projects, financed within the framework of a federal target-oriented programme «Research and development in the priority areas of development of the Russian scientific-technological complex between 2014–2020». Respondents were asked to assess the significance of incentive factors motivating independent experts who conduct the evaluation of the scientific-technical projects. The obtained results demonstrated that according to the respondents, non-material motivation factors are not of a lesser importance than the size of a material incentive for completing the evaluation. This circumstance should be accounted for when organizing the evaluations of scientific-technical projects and special attention should be paid to providing non-material incentives for independent experts.