In the context of rapid technological development, the use of agent-based modeling (ABM) for analyzing and managing socio-economic and innovation-technological systems is especially relevant. The aim of this paper is to formalize the methodology of ABM through an axiomatic description of its structural elements to provide a theoretical and methodological foundation for studying the mechanisms of functioning of an innovation-technological system.The research methods include the analysis and synthesis of the structural components of ABM, as well as abstraction and comparative analysis techniques. This methodological framework enables the formalization of the main properties of ABM and the systematization of knowledge in the field.The main result of the study is an axiomatic description of ABM that reflects its nature as a tool for reproducing complex and nonlinear processes in real systems, as well as identifying the prospects for the use of such models in strategic planning, digital transformation, and ensuring technological sovereignty through the analysis of vulnerabilities in national innovation ecosystems.Author demonstrated that the axiomatic approach contributes to the standardization and systematization of knowledge about ABM methodology and also creates a foundation for the development of more flexible and intelligent models. This enhances the potential of ABM as a universal tool for analysis, forecasting, and management of innovation-technological systems amid global instability and technological competition.
